February 16
Diamond Mine disaster in Braidwood, Ill.. The coal mine was on a marsh-like tract of land with no natural drainage. Snow melted and forced a collapse on the east side of the mine and killed 74. – 1883.
In Thebes, Egypt, English archaeologist Howard Carter enters the sealed burial chamber of the ancient Egyptian ruler King Tutankhamen. – 1923.
Beginning of a 17-week general strike of 12,000 New York furriers, in which Jewish workers formed a coalition with Greek and African American workers and became the first union to win a five-day, 40-hour week. – 1926.
February 17
Approximately 900 persons drown when a passenger ferry, the Neptune, overturns near Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The ferry was dangerously overloaded, and carried no lifeboats or emergency gear. – 1993.
February 18
A man ignites a gasoline-filled container inside a subway train in Daegu, South Korea. The blaze engulfes the six-car train, before spreading to another train that had pulled into the station a few minutes later. In all, 198 persons were killed and nearly 150 others were injured. – 2003.
February 19
The first rescuers reach surviving members of the Donner Party, a group of California-bound emigrants stranded by snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. – 1847.
U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 to initiate a controversial World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans. The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the West vaguely identified as military areas. Although Order 9066 affected Italian Americans and German Americans, the largest numbers of detainees were by far Japanese Americans who were systematically rounded up and placed in detention centers. – 1942.
February 20
U.S. president George Washington signs legislation to create the U.S. Postal Service to guarantee inexpensive delivery of all newspapers, stipulating the right to privacy, and granting Congress the ability to expand postal service to new areas of the Nation. – 1792
From Cape Canaveral, Fla., John Hershel Glenn, Jr. is successfully launched into space aboard the Friendship 7 spacecraft on the first orbital flight by an American astronaut. – 1962.
In a highly-controversial vote, the Irish government defies the powerful Catholic Church and approves the sale of contraceptives. – 1985.
February 21
The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, is published in London by a group of German-born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League. The political pamphlet proclaimed that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” and that the inevitable victory of the proletariat, or working class, would put an end to class society forever. – 1848.
The Washington Monument, built in honor of America’s revolutionary hero and first president, is dedicated in Washington, D.C.. – 1885.
In New York City, N.Y., Malcolm X, an African American nationalist and religious leader, is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. – 1965.
February 22
Spanish minister Do Luis de Onis and U.S. secretary of state John Quincy Adams sign the Florida Purchase Treaty, in which Spain agrees to cede the remainder of its old province of Florida to the United States. – 1819.
During the Mexican-American War, Mexican general Santa Anna surrounds the outnumbered forces of U.S. General Zachary Taylor at the Angostura Pass in Mexico and demands an immediate surrender. Taylor refuses and early the next morning Santa Anna dispatched some 15,000 troops to move against the 5,000 Americans. The superior U.S. artillery halted one of the two advancing Mexican divisions, while Jefferson Davis’ Mississippi riflemen led the defense of the extreme left flank against the other Mexican advance. By five o’clock in the afternoon, the Mexicans begin to withdraw. – 1847.
In one of the most dramatic upsets in Olympic Games history, the underdog U.S. hockey team, made up of college players, defeats the four-time defending Gold-Medal winning Soviet team at the XIII Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, N.Y.. The Soviet squad, previously regarded as the finest in the world, fell to the youthful American team, 4-3, before a frenzied crowd of 10,000 spectators. Two days later, the Americans defeat Finland, 4-2, to clinch the hockey Gold Medal. – 1980.